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1.
Preprint in Portuguese | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-7717

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Medulloblastomas are the most common solid tumors of childhood and many studies seek to develop new chemotherapy drugs by identifying genes whose expression is new molecular targets for drugs, such as membrane receptors associated with cell replication. Objective: To review existing knowledge about the association of CD114 expression with mortality in medulloblastoma. Method: Narrative review collecting information with material for reading and analysis selected from research on virtual platforms (SciELO, Pubmed and Scopus). Initially, a search was carried out for descriptors related to the topic, which were identified through MESH using the following terms: "neurosurgery, surgical oncology, molecular targeted therapy, medulloblastoma" with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. After, the search was carried out, the title and abstract were analyzed and those that could be included were read in full. Results: 23 articles were included. Conclusion: There is no direct relationship between the expression of the CD114 membrane receptor and mortality in patients with medulloblastoma, and additional studies should be carried out on the intracellular signaling pathways associated with this receptor and its gene, CSF3R


Introdução: Meduloblastomas são os tumores sólidos mais comuns da infância e muitos estudos buscam desenvolvimento de novos quimioterápicos com a identificação de genes cuja expressão sejam novos alvos moleculares para drogas, como receptores de membrana associados à replicação celular. Objetivo: Revisar o cohecimento existente sobre a associação da expressão de CD114 com a mortalidade no meduloblastoma. Método: Revisão narrativa colhendo informações com o material para leitura e análise selecionado a partir de pesquisa em plataformas virtuais (SciELO, Pubmed e Scopus). Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores relacionados ao tema, os quais foram identificados por meio do DeCS utilizando os seguintes termos: "neurocirurgia, oncologia cirúrgica, terapia de alvo molecular, meduloblastoma" " e seus equivalentes em inglês  "neurosurgery, surgical oncology, molecular targeted therapy, medulloblastoma" com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Feita a busca, foi realizada análise do título, resumo e lidos na íntegra aqueles que poderiam ser incluídos.  Resultados: Foram incluídos 23 artigos. Conclusão: Não há relação direta entre a expressão do receptor de membrana CD114 e a mortalidade em pacientes portadores de meduloblastoma e estudos adicionais devem ser feitos sobre as vias de sinalização intracelulares associadas a esse receptor e ao seu gene, o CSF3R.

2.
BioSCIENCE ; 81(2): 88-96, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1524191

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os meduloblastomas são os tumores sólidos mais comuns da infância e classificados em 4 subgrupos moleculares: WNT, SHH, grupo 3 e grupo 4. Muitos estudos buscam desenvolvimento de novos quimioterápicos para os meduloblastomas através da identificação de genes cuja expressão sejam novos alvos moleculares para drogas, como receptores de membrana associados a replicação celular. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação da expressão de CD114 com a mortalidade de pacientes portadores de meduloblastoma. Métodos: Revisão feita colhendo informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais em português e inglês. Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores relacionados ao tema - neurocirurgia, oncologia cirúrgica, terapia de alvo molecular e meduloblastoma - e seus equivalentes em inglês - neurosurgery, surgical oncology, molecular targeted therapy e medulloblastoma - com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Após, foram incluídos somente os que tinham maior relação ao tema, e realizada a leitura da íntegra dos textos. Finalmente foram referidos 2 artigos. Resultados: Há diferença na expressão do receptor de membrana CD114 entre o Grupo 3 e os demais grupos moleculares, além de diferença entre o subtipo molecular SHH γ e os subtipos moleculares Grupo 3 α e Grupo 3 ß. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os demais grupos e subtipos. Em relação à mortalidade, esta revisão não demonstrou significância estatística na relação entre expressões baixas e elevadas desse gene e a mortalidade. Conclusão: Não há relação direta entre a expressão do receptor de membrana CD114 e a mortalidade em pacientes portadores de meduloblastoma. Entretanto, são necessários estudos adicionais sobre as vias de sinalização intracelulares associadas a esse receptor e ao seu gene, o CSF3R.


Introduction: Medulloblastomas are the most common solid tumors of childhood and classified into 4 molecular subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4. Many studies seek to develop new chemotherapy drugs for medulloblastomas by identifying genes whose expression is new molecular targets for drugs, such as membrane receptors associated with cell replication. Objective: To evaluate the association of CD114 expression with mortality in patients with medulloblastoma. Methods: Review carried out collecting information published on virtual platforms in Portuguese and English. Initially, a search was carried out for descriptors related to the topic - neurosurgery, surgical oncology, molecular targeted therapy and medulloblastoma, with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or summary. Afterwards, only those that were most related to the topic were included, and the texts read in full. Finally, 23 articles were referred. Results: There is a difference in the expression of the CD114 membrane receptor between Group 3 and the other molecular groups, in addition to a difference between the SHH γ molecular subtype and the Group 3 α and Group 3 ß molecular subtypes. There was no statistically significant difference between the other groups and subtypes. Regarding mortality, this review did not demonstrate statistical significance in the relationship between low and high expressions of this gene and mortality. Conclusion: There is no direct relationship between the expression of the CD114 membrane receptor and mortality in patients with medulloblastoma. However, additional studies are needed on the intracellular signaling pathways associated with this receptor and its gene, CSF3R.

3.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 39: e2019298, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1136786

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical, demographic, anatomopathological, molecular, and survival characteristics of patients with medulloblastoma. Methods: Retrospective study based on patient information obtained from the review of medical records. Overall and event-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and the curves were compared by the log-rank test. Results: Among the patients investigated, 70 were male (66%), and age at diagnosis ranged from 2 months to 22 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms were headache (80.8%) and vomiting (75.8%). Regarding treatment, most patients (63.2%) underwent complete surgical resection, with a predominance of classic histology (63.2%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 67.9%, and the 10-year rate was 64.2%. Patients with molecular profile characteristic of the wingless (WNT) subgroup had a better prognosis, with 5-year overall survival of 75%. Conclusions: The clinical, demographic, anatomopathological, and molecular characteristics of patients with medulloblastoma described in the present study were mostly similar to those reported in the literature. Patients submitted to complete tumor resection had better clinical outcomes than those who underwent incomplete resection/biopsy. Patients classified as high-risk showed worse overall and event-free survival than those in the standard-risk group, and the presence of metastasis at diagnosis was associated with recurrence.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas, demográficas, anatomopatológicas, moleculares e de sobrevida de pacientes portadores de meduloblastoma. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, no qual as informações dos pacientes foram obtidas pela revisão dos prontuários médicos. Análises de sobrevida global e de sobrevida livre de eventos foram realizadas por meio da construção de curvas de Kaplan-Meier e a comparação entre as curvas foi feita pelo teste log-rank. Resultados: Entre os pacientes analisados, 70 pertenciam ao sexo masculino (66%) e a idade ao diagnóstico variou de dois meses a 22 anos. Os sinais e sintomas de maior frequência foram cefaleia (80,8%) e vômitos (75,8%). Em relação ao tratamento, a maioria (63,2%) dos pacientes foi submetida à ressecção cirúrgica total e apresentava como histologia predominante a forma clássica (63,2%). A taxa de sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 67,9% e, em 10 anos, de 64,2%. Os pacientes com perfil molecular característico do subgrupo wingless (WNT) apresentaram melhor prognóstico, com sobrevida global em cinco anos de 75%. Conclusões: As características clínicas, demográficas, anatomopatológicas e moleculares dos pacientes com meduloblastoma descritas no presente estudo foram majoritariamente semelhantes às descritas na literatura. Pacientes submetidos à ressecção completa do tumor tiveram melhor evolução clínica do que aqueles com ressecção incompleta/biópsia. Pacientes estratificados como de alto risco apresentaram pior sobrevida global e livre de eventos do que o grupo standard e a presença de metástases ao diagnóstico se mostrou associada à ocorrência de recidiva da doença.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology , Medulloblastoma/pathology , Cerebellar Neoplasms/surgery , Cerebellar Neoplasms/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Disease-Free Survival , Progression-Free Survival , Medulloblastoma/surgery , Medulloblastoma/mortality
4.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 42(2): 114-119, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098851

ABSTRACT

Abstract Several factors trigger the development of genetic mutations that are responsible for causing a neoplasm. Medulloblastoma is a malignant and invasive cerebellar neoplasm, that affects children and young adults. Mucinous carcinoma is a special type of breast cancer. Being a special atypical subtype of invasive carcinoma, it most frequently affects women of advanced age and represents 1 to 7% of all breast cancers. The reported case aims to show the rarity of the occurrence of desmoplastic medulloblastoma and mammary mucinous carcinoma in a young patient in a short period of time, in different sites, without direct anatomical attachment and without occurrence of metastasis. Initially, this patient had a desmoplastic medulloblastoma and was treated with lumpectomy and radiotherapy. After 13 months, the patient was diagnosed with a mucinous breast carcinoma, underwent mastectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently undergoing endocrinotherapy. We conclude, based on the metachronous characteristic of the neoplasia and clinical characteristics, that the patient is likely to have Li-Fraumeni syndrome, an autosomal dominant disease with mutation of the TP53 gene, which is the the main involved. Because the patient does not present all the characteristics of the phenotype of the syndrome, she can thus be classified as having Li-Fraumeni variant or Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome.


Resumo Diversos fatores desencadeiam o desenvolvimento de mutações genéticas que são responsáveis por originar uma neoplasia. O meduloblastoma é uma neoplasia cerebelar maligna e invasiva que acomete crianças e adultos jovens. O carcinoma mucinoso é um tipo de câncer de mama especial por ser um subtipo atípico de carcinoma invasivo, que acomete com maior frequência mulheres de idade avançada e representa entre 1 a 7% do total de neoplasias mamárias. O caso relatado tem como objetivo mostrar a raridade da ocorrência do meduloblastoma desmoplásico e carcinoma mucinoso mamário em uma paciente jovem em um curto período de tempo, em diferentes sítios sem ligação anatômica direta e sem ocorrência de metástase. Inicialmente, esta paciente possuía um meduloblastoma desmoplásico e foi tratada com tumorectomia e radioterapia. Após 13 meses, a paciente foi diagnosticada com carcinoma mucinoso de mama, sendo submetida a mastectomia, quimioterapia adjuvante e atualmente está sendo tratada com endocrinoterapia. Concluímos, com base na característica metacrônica da neoplasia e características clínicas, que a paciente apresenta a síndrome de Li-Fraumeni, doença autossômica dominante com mutação do gene TP53, que é o principal gene envolvido nesta síndrome. Por não apresentar as características completas do fenótipo da síndrome, a paciente pode assim ser classificada como portadora de uma variante da síndorme de Li-Fraumeni ou síndrome do tipo Li-Fraumeni.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Li-Fraumeni Syndrome/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Cerebellar Neoplasms/diagnosis , Cerebellar Neoplasms/genetics , Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology , Cerebellar Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Li-Fraumeni Syndrome/genetics , Combined Modality Therapy , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Medulloblastoma/diagnosis , Medulloblastoma/genetics , Medulloblastoma/pathology , Medulloblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
5.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 63(1): 34-41, ene.-feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155384

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La tomografía por emisión de positrones/tomografía computada (PET/CT) por sus siglas en inglés, es una modalidad de imagen única que proporciona evidencia in vivo de actividades tanto bioquímicas como fisiológicas en diferentes órganos y estructuras del cuerpo. El meduloblastoma es el tumor maligno más frecuente del sistema nervioso central (SNC) en pacientes pediátricos, por este motivo el PET/CT juega un papel importante en el manejo de estos pacientes ya que proporciona información sobre el grado y extensión del tumor, así como a determinar el sitio adecuado para la toma de biopsia, valorar la respuesta al tratamiento y determinar el pronóstico del paciente. Existen diferentes radiofármacos para la evaluación de los tumores de sistema nervioso central, pero se ha estudiado que el 18F-FDG (flúor-2-fluoro-2-desoxi-D-glucosa) y el 68Ga-DOTA-NOC (68Ga-DOTA0-1NaI3-octreotide) nos ayudan a evaluar y dar seguimiento a pacientes con diagnóstico de meduloblastoma. El meduloblastoma tiene una sobreexpresión de transportadores de glucosa, principalmente tipo 1 y sobreexpresión de receptores de somatostatina predominantemente tipo 2, lo cual permite que exista una gran afinidad por estos radiofármacos.


Abstract: PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography, for its acronym in English) is a unique imaging method that provides in vivo evidence of both biochemical and physiological activities of the brain, spinal cord and tumors that involve these structures. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) in pediatric patients, so PET/CT plays an important role as it provides information on the grade and extent of the tumor, as well as to determine the appropriate site for the biopsy, assessing the response to the treatment and the patient's prognosis. There are different radiopharmaceuticals for the evaluation of central nervous system tumors, but 18F FDG (Fluor-2-fluoro-2-desoxy-D-glucose) and 68Ga-DOTA-NOC (68Ga-DOTA0-1NaI3-octreotide) have been studied to help us evaluate and follow up patients diagnosed with medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma has an overexpression of glucose transporters, mainly type 1, and an overexpression of predominantly type 2 somatostatin receptors, which allows a high affinity for these radiopharmaceuticals.

6.
Rev. colomb. radiol ; 31(3): 5379-5388, sept. 2020. ilus, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1343647

ABSTRACT

La población pediátrica es, de lejos, la más afectada por las lesiones del cuarto (IV) ventrículo. La gran mayoría presentan un patrón radiológico similar; actualmente, con las secuencias de difusión, espectroscopia y mapas de ADC, se puede inferir la compatibilidad de los hallazgos visualizados con alguna de las patologías que se revisarán en el presente trabajo


The pediatric population is by far the most affected by lesions of the fourth (IV) ventricle. The vast majority present a similar radiological pattern, for which today, with the diffusion sequences, spectroscopy and ADC maps, it can be inferred that the visualized findings are more likely compatible with some of the pathologies that we will review later


Subject(s)
Medulloblastoma , Astrocytoma , Hemangioblastoma , Ependymoma
7.
Rev. peru. ginecol. obstet. (En línea) ; 65(3): 349-354, jul.-dic 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058736

ABSTRACT

Maternal malignancies complicate approximately one of every 1 000 pregnancies. These neoplasms arise more frequently from the breasts, cervix and hematopoietic system. Brain tumors in pregnancy are extremely rare. Cerebellar medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in childhood. They are considered as embryonic tumors and represent 4% of all intracranial neoplasms; they are extremely rare during pregnancy. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient with a 16-week pregnancy who suffered of intense headache in the occipital region, accompanied by photophobia, slight alteration of coordination, unstable gaits and vomiting. Neurological evaluation was normal but for positive Romberg sign and ataxic gait. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed a complex, ill-defined tumor occupying the cerebellar space. The patient underwent surgical reduction of the tumor. Histopathological analysis revealed grade IV cerebellar medulloblastoma. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered. Cesarean section was performed at 34 weeks of gestation with live newborn. Following delivery, treatment was completed with external radiation therapy to the craniospinal axis.


Las neoplasias malignas maternas complican aproximadamente uno de cada 1 000 embarazos. Estas neoplasias surgen con mayor frecuencia de las mamas, cuello uterino o sistema hematopoyético. Los tumores cerebrales en el embarazo son extremadamente raros. Los meduloblastomas cerebelosos son los tumores cerebrales malignos más comunes de la infancia. Se les clasifica como tumor embrionario y representan el 4% de todas las neoplasias intracraneales; es extremadamente raro que aparezcan durante el embarazo. Se presenta un caso de una paciente de 21 años con embarazo de 16 semanas quien consultó por presentar cefalea intensa en la región occipital, acompañada de fotofobia, alteración ligera de la coordinación, marcha inestable y vómitos. El examen neurológico fue normal, aparte del signo de Romberg positivo y marcha atáxica. La resonancia magnética cerebral mostró tumoración compleja, mal definida, que ocupaba el espacio cerebeloso. La paciente fue sometida a reducción quirúrgica. El análisis histopatológico reveló meduloblastoma cerebeloso de grado IV. Se administró radioterapia adyuvante. La cesárea fue realizada a las 34 semanas de gestación, obteniendo un recién nacido vivo. Después del parto, la radioterapia externa hacia el eje craneoespinal completó el tratamiento.

8.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 39(3)jul. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1508555

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Turcot es un desorden genético caracterizado por la asociación de tumores primarios neuroepiteliales del sistema nervioso central y poliposis adenomatosa del colon. Se describen dos variedades. En el tipo I los tumores suelen ser glioblastomas y se asocian a un síndrome de Lynch o cáncer colorectal hereditario no polipósico. En el tipo II predominan los meduloblastomas y se asocian a poliposis múltiple familiar, ya sea la forma clásica o atenuada. El presente caso debutó a los 7 años de edad con un meduloblastoma que logró ser curado, pero 20 años después desarrolla un meningioma cerebral recidivante. A los 36 años presenta anemia por sangrado digestivo y se descubre a la colonoscopía una poliposis adenomatosa del colon, con displasia de alto grado. Hasta donde conocemos es el primer caso de síndrome de Turcot que se reporta en nuestro país.


Turcot syndrome is an association of primary neuroepithelial tumors of the central nervous system with adenomatous polyposis coli. It is a genetic disorder, with two forms; In type I, glioblastomas are usually associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPC or Lynch). In Type II, medulloblastomas are often associated with familial adenomatous polyposis coli (classical or attenuated). This patient had a medulloblastoma at seven years of age, then 20 years later developed a meningioma which recurred several times. At 36 years old he presented with anemia after digestive bleeding, and an adenomatous polyposis coli with high grade dysplasia was found at colonoscopy. As far as we know, this is the first case of Turcot syndrome described in our country.

9.
Med. U.P.B ; 37(1): 47-54, ene. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-878939

ABSTRACT

El meduloblastoma es un tumor frecuente en la población pediátrica, pero es raro en pacientes adultos. Es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en menores de 15 años. El hallazgo de una lesión tumoral cerebelosa mediana o paramediana que capta el medio de contraste y que a menudo comprime el cuarto ventrículo sugiere la presencia de este tumor. A través del uso de estudios de expresión génica y marcadores moleculares se ha generado una nueva aproximación a la clasificación del meduloblastoma. Así, se ha venido a entender el concepto de meduloblastoma no como una patología sino como un grupo de patologías distintas clínica y molecularmente. La resonancia magnética nuclear espinal y la punción lumbar deben ser realizadas en todos los pacientes como parte de la evaluación de la extensión de la enfermedad, debido a que las leptomeninges espinales son un sitio frecuente de diseminación. El tratamiento implica idealmente la interacción de un grupo interdisciplinario que pueda ofrecer al paciente: cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia. El pronóstico depende de variables como edad (menor de tres años), diseminación de la enfermedad, residuo tumoral posquirúrgico, variante histológica de células grandes/anaplásico, y pertenecer al grupo 3 (grupo de amplificacón del MYC).


Medulloblastoma is a common tumor in children, but is rare in adults. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in patients under 15 years. The presence of a median or paramedian enhancing cerebellar mass, often compressing the fourth ventricle may indicate the presence of this tumor. Genetic and molecular markers offer a new approach to the understanding and classification of medulloblastomas. Hence, we have come to understand medulloblastoma not as a sole disease but rather, as a group of clinically and molecularly distinct pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and lumbar puncture must be performed in all patients as part of the assessment of the extent of disease, since spinal leptomeninges are common sites for metastatic dissemination. Ideally, its treatmeant involves an interdisciplinary group that provides surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Prognosis depends upon variables such as age (under three years), metastatic dissemination, residual tumor after surgery, large cell/anaplastic histological variant, and group 3 tumor (MYC amplification group).


O meduloblastoma é um tumor frequente na população pediátrica, mas é raro em pacientes adultos. É a segunda causa de morte por câncer em menores de 15 anos. A descoberta de uma lesão tumoral no cerebelo média ou paramedia que capta o médio de contraste e que com frequência comprime o quarto ventrículo sugere a presença deste tumor. Através do uso de estudos de expressão gênica e marcadores moleculares se há gerado uma nova aproximação à classificação do meduloblastoma. Assim, se veio entender o conceito de meduloblastoma não como uma patologia se não como um grupo de patologias diferente clínica e molecularmente. A ressonância magnética nuclear espinal e a punção lombar devem ser realizadas em todos os pacientes como parte da avaliação da extensão da doença, devido a que as leptomeninges espinais são um lugar frequente de disseminação. O tratamento implica idealmente a interação de um grupo interdisciplinar que possa oferecer ao paciente: cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia. O prognóstico depende de variáveis como idade (menor de três anos), disseminação da doença, resíduo tumoral pós-cirúrgico, variante histológica de células grandes/anaplásico, e pertencer ao grupo 3 (grupo de amplificação do MYC).


Subject(s)
Humans , Medulloblastoma , Gene Expression , Cerebellum , Cause of Death , Classification , Neoplasms
10.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2018. 91 f p. il.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-904966

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de contribuir para a tomada de decisão do processo de gestão de tecnologias no âmbito do SUS, foi desenvolvida neste trabalho, uma avaliação de custo efetividade que compare o uso do dexrazoxano em diferentes populações e o uso do acelerador de prótons com o de fótons para tratar crianças com meduloblastoma. O horizonte temporal de toda a vida do paciente e a perspectiva de análise do SUS, foram usados em ambos os estudos. Uma análise de impacto orçamentário para cada tecnologia também foi construída. Após uma busca na literatura, foi desenvolvido um modelo de Markov capaz de comparar o uso do dexrazoxano em 6 perfis de pacientes com risco de desenvolver cardiotoxicidade. Usar o medicamento nas crianças menores de 5 anos de idade se mostrou a alternativa mais custo-efetiva (ICER de R$6.156,96), seguido de usar em todos os pacientes (ICER de R$ 58.968,7). Caso o preço diminua a um valor menor que R$250,00 por frasco, a alternativa de usar em todas as crianças se torna a mais custo-efetiva. O impacto orçamentário ao final de 5 anos foi de R$30.622.404,81 para uso apenas nas crianças menores de 5 anos. Usar a tecnologia em todas as crianças, produziria um impacto incremental de R$ 94.352.898,77. Para avaliar o custo-efetividade do acelerador de prótons, foi desenvolvido um modelo de microssimulação comparando cenários de vida útil dos equipamentos e número de pacientes tratados. Como cenário base foi adotado os parâmetros de 50 pacientes com vida útil dos equipamentos de 20 anos. Para esse cenário, o ganho em QALY foi de 2,71 e o ICER médio de R$171.012,51/QALY. Para o limiar de disposição a pagar de 1 PIB percapita foi observado que a incorporação da tecnologia seria custo-efetiva, se fosse tratar a partir de 150 pacientes. A vida útil dos equipamentos e as outras variáveis tiveram participação limitada ao serem variadas na análise de sensibilidade, sem alterar significativamente as respostas do modelo. Ao final de 20 anos, o impacto orçamentário foi de R$ 345.598.440,91. O estudo recomenda a incorporação do dexrazoxano para crianças menores de 5 anos e não recomenda a incorporação do acelerador de prótons no tratamento do meduloblastoma em crianças


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics , Dexrazoxane/therapeutic use , Effectiveness , Health Evaluation/economics , Medulloblastoma/therapy , Particle Accelerators , Technology Assessment, Biomedical/economics
11.
Rev Esp Patol ; 50(1): 45-48, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29179964

ABSTRACT

Only five cases of multifocal medulloblastoma in the adult have been reported to date. We present a case in a male patient in his 50th decade of life who presented with three extra-axial lesions associated with a parenchymatous lesion of the right middle cerebellar peduncle. Sputum sample examination revealed larvae compatible with strongyloides stercoralis, which was our main differential diagnosis. Histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed the existence of a desmoplastic medulloblastoma.


Subject(s)
Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology , Medulloblastoma/pathology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology , Animals , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Cerebellar Neoplasms/chemistry , Cerebellar Neoplasms/complications , Cerebellar Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Chromogranins/analysis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Medulloblastoma/chemistry , Medulloblastoma/complications , Medulloblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/chemistry , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/complications , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnostic imaging , Neuroimaging , Sputum/parasitology , Strongyloides stercoralis/isolation & purification , Strongyloidiasis/complications , Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis , Strongyloidiasis/pathology , Synaptophysin/analysis
12.
Cesk Patol ; 53(1): 22-28, 2017.
Article in Czech | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28248118

ABSTRACT

The 2016 revision of the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system is a conceptual advance over the 2007 classification system. Similarly to the group of diffuse gliomas, a significant shift in the understanding of the molecular background and tumor biology has recently occurred also in the category of embryonal CNS tumors, especially in medulloblastomas. The classification now incorporates new entities that are defined by both histology and molecular features. Updates in the group of gliomas (except for diffuse gliomas), in the meningeal tumors as well as in the tumors of peripheral nerve sheaths will also be discussed.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Neoplasms , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis , Humans , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/diagnosis
13.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 86(1): 4-10, 2017 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27068068

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to analyse variations in the treatment of medulloblastoma, the most common childhood brain tumour, and its impact on survival over the past two decades, as well as its clinical and pathological features. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Survival analysis of all patients under 14 years old diagnosed with medulloblastoma between January 1990 and December 2013 in a Paediatric Oncology Unit. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were diagnosed and treated for medulloblastoma, with a median follow-up of 5.1 years (range 0.65-21.7 years). The overall survival (OS) at 3 and 5 years was 66±13% and 55±14%, respectively. The OS at 5 years was 44%±25% in patients diagnosed in the 1990's, showing an increase to 70%±23% (p=0.032) since 2000. Clinical prognosis factors were included in the logistic regression model: age (p=0.008), presence of metastases and/or residual tumour (p=0.007), and receiving chemotherapy with radiotherapy after surgery (p=0.008). Statistically significant differences were observed for all of them. CONCLUSION: In our institution there has been a significant increase in medulloblastoma survival in the last decades. Multivariate analysis showed that this improvement was not related to the date of diagnosis, but with the introduction of chemotherapy in adjuvant treatment. This study confirmed that clinical factors significantly associated with worse outcome were age and presence of metastases at diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Cerebellar Neoplasms/mortality , Cerebellar Neoplasms/therapy , Medulloblastoma/mortality , Medulloblastoma/therapy , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate/trends , Time Factors
14.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 23(3): 98-105, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900114

ABSTRACT

The use of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be useful in the task of differentiating primary brain tumors. Our objective is to evaluate its use to differentiate between medulloblastomas and ependymomas. We analyzed 37 cases: 21 medulloblastomas (average age 12 years) and 16 ependymomas (average age 5 years) of the posterior fossa treated at the Carlos Van Buren Hospital in Valparaíso between december 2005 and June 2015. There were 15 and 5 males in each group respectively. In addition to age and gender, ADC values of tumors (ADCt) and healthy tissue were collected. The ADCt values for medulloblastoma and ependymoma averaged 0.64 and 0.92 [x10-3 mm²/s] respectively (p< 0.001). The multivariate model included gender and ADCt, with a sensitivity of 0.95 and a specificity of 0.87 to predict medulloblastoma. We can conclude that ADC measurement helps differentiate tumors of different cellularity such as medulloblastoma and ependymoma.


El uso del coeficiente de difusión aparente (ADC) en resonancia magnética (RM) ha demostrado ser útil en la tarea de diferenciar tumores cerebrales primarios. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar su uso para diferenciar entre meduloblastomas y ependimomas. Se analizaron 37 casos: 21 meduloblastomas (edad promedio 12 años) y 16 ependimomas (edad promedio 5 años) de fosa posterior tratados en el hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso, entre diciembre de 2005 y junio de 2015. Hubo 15 y 5 hombres en cada grupo respectivamente. Además de edad y sexo se recolectaron valores ADC tumorales (ADCt) y de tejido sano. Los valores ADCt para meduloblastoma y ependimoma promediaron 0,64 y 0,92 [x 10-3 mm²/s] respectivamente (p<0,001). El modelo multivariado incluyó sexo y ADCt, con sensibilidad de 0,95 y especificidad 0,87 para predecir meduloblastoma. Podemos concluir que la medición de ADC ayuda a diferenciar tumores de distinta celularidad como el meduloblastoma y el ependimoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Ependymoma , Medulloblastoma , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Ependymoma/diagnostic imaging , Medulloblastoma/diagnosis , Medulloblastoma/diagnostic imaging
15.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 35(3): 234-238, 20/09/2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-910731

ABSTRACT

Medulloblastoma is the most common central nervous system tumor in children. Extraaxial medulloblastomas, especially tumors with no connection to the brain stem or cerebellum are extremely rare. We report a case of a 3-year-old patient, who presented with a history of subacute headache and vomiting. After performing a head computed tomography scan, a mass was detected in the left cerebello-pontine angle, along with concomitant hydrocephalus. The treatment was total resection of the tumor. Despite the fact that extra-axial medulloblastomas are extremely rare, this differential diagnosis should be included in the management of pediatric patients who present with posterior fossa tumors.


Meduloblastoma é o tumor do sistema nervoso central mais comum em crianças. Meduloblastomas extra-axiais, especialmente tumores sem conexão com o tronco encefálico ou cerebelo, são extremamente raros. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 3 anos de idade, que apresentou um histórico de cefaleia subaguda e vômitos. Por meio de um exame de tomografia computadorizada, foi identificada uma massa no ângulo ponto-cerebelar esquerdo, acompanhada de hidrocefalia. O tratamento foi resseção total do tumor. Apesar de meduloblastomas extra-axiais serem extremamente raros, este diagnóstico diferencial deve ser incluído no manejo de pacientes pediátricos que apresentem tumores da fossa posterior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Cerebellar Neoplasms , Cerebellopontine Angle , Medulloblastoma/diagnosis , Medulloblastoma/surgery
16.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 85(5): 274.e1-274.e8, 2016 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27086069

ABSTRACT

Leptomeningeal dissemination in paediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumours is associated with a poor outcome, and new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. One of the main difficulties in the treatment of CNS tumours is blood brain barrier penetration. Intrathecal therapy has shown to be effective in several paediatric tumours. The aim of this article is to review the data available on the use of liposomal cytarabine for paediatric patients with leptomeningeal dissemination of CNS tumours, including the pharmacology, administration route, safety and efficacy data.


Subject(s)
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology , Cytarabine/administration & dosage , Meningeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Liposomes , Neoplasm Invasiveness
17.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 28(3): 565-573, Jul-Sep/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals, LILACS | ID: lil-751998

ABSTRACT

Na atualidade cresce a preocupação com a neurotoxicidade do tratamento antineoplásico e o neurodesenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o impacto da modalidade de tratamento sobre a capacidade intelectiva de 22 sobreviventes de Tumores de Fossa Posterior e Leucemia Linfóide Aguda com idades entre seis e 14 anos. Participantes com astrocitoma foram submetidos à cirurgia; aqueles com meduloblastoma à cirurgia, à quimioterapia sistêmica e à radioterapia de crânio e neuroeixo (54Gy) e; aqueles com LLA à quimioterapia sistêmica e intratecal. Apenas os participantes com astrocitoma obtiveram desempenho dentro do esperado. Observou-se contrastes estatisticamente significativos entre os grupos, notadamente entre as crianças com meduloblastoma e as demais nos escores não verbais. Sugere-se que a combinação cirurgia, quimioterapia sistêmica e radioterapia potencializou as sequelas cognitivas, e reforça-se a hipótese de que a radioterapia acarreta danos à substância branca. A quimioterapia intratecal associada à sistêmica promoveu impactos significativos sobre o funcionamento executivo.


Concerns about the neurotoxicity of antineoplastic treatment and neurodevelopment are increasing nowadays. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of treatment modality on intellectual functioning of 22 survivors of Posterior Fossa Tumors and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia aged from six to 14 years. The astrocytoma group underwent surgery; the medulloblastoma group underwent surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and cranial and neuraxis radiation (54Gy); the LLA group underwent systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy. Only the astrocytoma group obtained average performance. Significant contrasts were obtained between groups, especially among the medulloblastoma group and others in non-verbal scores. Results suggest that the combination of surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy increase the cognitive sequelae and enhance the hypothesis that radiation damages white matter. The association between intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy leads to significant impact on executive functioning.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Astrocytoma/therapy , Cognition , Drug Therapy , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Medulloblastoma/therapy
18.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 50(4): 290-295, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723979

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Medulloblastoma is a malignant embryonal tumor of the cerebellum with poor prognosis. The treatment is based only on clinical criteria, such as risk group that only considers age, extent of tumor resection, recurrence, and metastasis. Objective: To evaluate a possible relationship between the immunoexpression of biomarkers (Ki67, receptor neutrophin-3 [TRKC], epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl-2], and cyclin-D1), and the classical clinical prognostic factors of medulloblastoma. Material and method: thirty-five samples of pediatric medulloblastoma free of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were separated and reviewed for their histopathological classification; two areas representative of tumor were used in the construction of tissue microarrays. The following clinical data from 29 patients were used for comparison with the biomarkers expression: patient's age, presence or absence of complete tumor resection, staging patient's risk group, presence or absence of metastases, presence or absence of postoperative chemotherapy, and presence or absence of recurrence. Clinical follow-up of the study ranged from two to thirteen years, and cases with fatal outcome were also analyzed. Results: Patients with upper age showed higher expression of TRKC (p = 0.033). There was inversely proportional and statistically significant correlation between TRKC and Ki67 (p = 0.027). There was no statistical significance in the analysis of EGFR, Bcl2, and cyclin-D1. Conclusion: The immunoexpression of TRKC might be considered a biomarker related to tumors with better prognosis in patients with medulloblastoma, contributing to better risk groups' stratification...


Introdução: O meduloblastoma é o tumor maligno do cerebelo com prognóstico reservado. Seu tratamento baseia-se somente em critérios clínicos, como os grupos de risco que levam em consideração apenas idade, extensão de ressecção, recidiva e metástase. Objetivo: Avaliar uma possível relação entre a imunoexpressão de biomarcadores (Ki67, receptor de neurotrofina-3 [TRKC], epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl-2] e ciclina-D1) e os fatores prognósticos clínicos clássicos dos meduloblastomas. Material e método: Trinta e cinco amostras de meduloblastomas pediátricos livres de tratamento quimioterápico neoadjuvante foram separadas e revisadas quanto a sua classificação histopatológica, sendo duas áreas representativas do tumor utilizadas na construção de arranjos teciduais em matriz. Os seguintes dados clínicos de 29 pacientes foram utilizados para comparação com a expressão dos biomarcadores: idade do paciente, presença ou não de ressecção tumoral completa, estadiamento do paciente em grupo de risco, presença ou não de metástases, presença ou não de tratamento quimioterápico pós-cirúrgico e presença ou não de recidivas. O tempo de seguimento clínico do estudo variou de dois a treze anos, e os casos com desfecho fatal foram também analisados. Resultados: Os pacientes com idade mais elevada apresentaram expressão maior de TRKC (p = 0,033). Houve correlação inversamente proporcional e estatisticamente significativa entre o TRKC e o Ki67 (p = 0,027). Não houve relevância estatística nas análises do EGFR, Bcl-2 e ciclina-D1. Conclusão: A imunoexpressão do TRKC pode vir a ser considerada um biomarcador relacionado com tumores de melhor prognóstico em pacientes com meduloblastoma, contribuindo para uma melhor estratificação dos grupos de risco...


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Immunohistochemistry , Medulloblastoma , Biomarkers, Tumor , Prognosis
19.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 40(1): 22-29, jul. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831378

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar y describir las diferencias neuropsicológicas antes y después de resecar el tumor en 2 pacientes de 8 años de edad con una neoplasia en la fosa posterior. Metodología: Se realizó evaluación neuropsicológica pre y posquirúrgica a 2 pacientes de 8 años de edad del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, uno femenino con quiste aracnoideo en cisterna paravermiana y otro masculino con meduloblastoma en vermis y se compararon los datos obtenidos antes de extirpación de tumor y después de ella. Para la obtención del IQ se aplicó el WISC-IV y para las otras funciones, la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI), para niños de 5 a 16 años, obteniéndose sus valores en percentiles que se igualaron con la clasificación cualitativa. Resultados: Los 2 pacientes presentaron deficiencias en el IQ, en Funciones Cognitivas, en las Habilidades de Rendimiento Académico, así como en sus Funciones Ejecutivas. A pesar de que no se aplicó quimioterapia ni radioterapia, tanto antes de la cirugía, como después de la extirpación del tumor, empeorando dichas funciones después de la extirpación. Conclusiones: Los tumores en Fosa Posterior originan diversas alteraciones neuropsicológicas similares a las observadas con lesiones en la corteza cerebral, dichas alteraciones se hacen más severas después de la extirpación del tumor; esta evolución puede presentar un dilema a la luz de la Bioética: ¿Se prolonga la vida a expensas de mayor deterioro neurocognitivo al quitar el tumor, o no se opera para evitar mayor deterioro en la calidad de vida y se reduce el tiempo de vida?.


Aim: Identify and describe the neuropsychological differences before and after surgery in 2 patients 8 years of age with a tumor in the posterior fossa. Methodology: Neuropsychological assessment was performed before and after surgery to 2 patients (8 years of age), one female with arachnoid cyst in paravermian cyst and another male with medulloblastoma in vermis and we compared the data obtained before removal of tumor and after. We use the following Neuropsychological Tests: WISC-IV was applied to assess IQ and Child Neuropsychological Assessment (ENI) was to evaluate cognitive functions. Results: The 2 patients had deficits in IQ, cognitive functions, the academic performance skills and his executive skills, even without chemotherapy or radiotherapy, both before surgery and after removal of the tumor. These functions worsened after surgery. Conclusions: Posterior fossa tumors originate many various neuropsychological similar to those observed in cerebral cortex, these changes are most evident after removal of the tumor, this evolution can present a dilemma in light of Bioethics: Is justified to prolong the life at expense of neurocognitive impairment, after removing a big tumor, or not to operate preventing further deterioration in the quality of life and reducing the lifetime?.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cerebellar Vermis , Cognition , Executive Function , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/pathology , Medulloblastoma/surgery , Neuropsychological Tests , Infratentorial Neoplasms/surgery , Infratentorial Neoplasms/complications , Infratentorial Neoplasms/psychology , Arachnoid Cysts/surgery , Bioethics , Cisterna Magna
20.
Neurocirugia (Astur) ; 25(1): 38-42, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23453310

ABSTRACT

Arachnoid cysts are very common lesions in paediatric patients, with treatment depending on their location and symptomatology. They are usually solitary cysts but may be associated with other central nervous system diseases such as tumours and congenital deformities. We describe the case of a neonate diagnosed with an arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern treated by endoscopy. After the operation, the child's condition worsened; a CT scan revealed a midline posterior fossa tumour not visible in the preoperative neuroradiological tests. The tumour, a medulloblastoma, was partially removed. Given the child's age and the poor prognosis, oncological treatment was not undertaken. The association between medulloblastoma and arachnoid cyst is very rare, and we could find only one such case in the literature.


Subject(s)
Arachnoid Cysts/congenital , Cerebellar Neoplasms/congenital , Infant, Premature, Diseases/surgery , Medulloblastoma/congenital , Arachnoid Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Arachnoid Cysts/surgery , Cerebellar Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology , Cerebellar Neoplasms/surgery , Cesarean Section , Cranial Fontanelles , Craniotomy , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Fatal Outcome , Fourth Ventricle/pathology , Humans , Hydrocephalus/congenital , Hydrocephalus/diagnostic imaging , Hydrocephalus/etiology , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Male , Medulloblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Medulloblastoma/pathology , Medulloblastoma/surgery , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Tectum Mesencephali/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Ventriculostomy
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